Contents
Monkeypox CARING FOR THE SKIN
猴痘病毒会导致身体出现病变。虽然这些病变可能出现在任何部位,但在当前疫情中,许多个体在生殖器区域出现了病变,尽管也包括面部、四肢和口腔等黏膜区域在内的其他区域也可能受到影响。13
虽然病变的数量可能会有很大差异,但美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的最新报告显示,在当前疫情中大多数病例出现的病变少于50个。4,5 无论数量如何,猴痘病变都可能导致萎缩性和肥厚性瘢痕。
对于已经出现猴痘病变的个体,应确保病变得到恰当的护理,以尽量减少瘢痕的形成。尽管关于猴痘感染中病变愈合的数据有限,但一般伤口愈合的信息,以及针对其他感染引起的类似皮肤病变的护理,可以帮助理解如何最好地护理猴痘病变并预防瘢痕:
用温和的肥皂和水清洗皮肤。8
为避免潜在传播,要求患者不要与他人共享毛巾、洗浴亚麻布或衣物。
猴痘病变在愈合之前被认为具有传染性
(痂皮已脱落且形成了一层新的完整皮肤)。因此,CDC建议尽可能遮盖所有皮疹(例如,通过穿长袖长裤)。美国疾病控制与预防中心的家庭隔离和感染控制指南可在此处找到。
保持受影响的部位和个别病变覆盖。
一般来说,所有猴痘病变都被认为可以通过接触传染,建议保持受影响的部位和个别病变覆盖。
抗菌剂或抗细菌药物
只有在担心细菌感染时才需要。
如果病变发生感染,
患者应立即联系其医生或其他医疗服务提供者。
在病变愈合后,
如果担心留下疤痕,也可以使用基于硅凝胶或敷料。10,16
防晒
(广谱SPF 30或更高)在病变消退后数月内也应强调,以避免病变或疤痕的过度色素沉着或色素减退。10
不要抓挠
应指导有猴痘病变的个体不要抓挠或揭开病变或痂皮,这可能导致继发性感染。皮肤科医生建议保持指甲短,以避免无意中抓挠。9,17
为了帮助舒缓皮肤,可以洗澡
或者,坐浴和温热或冷敷也可以帮助舒缓肛门生殖区域的病变。17-19
特定患者可能有资格获得猴痘特定疗法;
如有必要,应与相关专家咨询,以确定最新的选择。
有关猴痘的更多信息,请访问美国疾病控制与预防中心猴痘网站:http://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox
AAD-Monkeypox-Caring-for-Skin.pdf
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