艾滋病毒美国CDC

速览：美国艾滋病疫情

2026年2月18日孟胜利医学博士

Contents

1 概览
2 速览

This entry is part 12 of 12 in the series HIV

Fast Facts: HIV in the United States

人人

April 22, 2024

艾滋病毒在美国仍然是一个持续存在的问题。据估计，2018年至2022年间，美国的艾滋病毒感染人数总体下降了12%。了解更多关于美国艾滋病毒流行趋势的信息。

Map showing the outline of the United States.

速览

艾滋病毒对某些群体的影响比其他群体更大。社会和结构性问题——例如艾滋病毒污名化、恐同症、歧视、贫困以及获得高质量医疗保健的机会有限——影响着健康结果，并持续加剧不平等现象。

HIV 感染率

HIV 感染率是指某一年内估计新增 HIV 感染病例的数量。

There were 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in the US in 2022. Of those, 67% were among gay, bisexual, and other men who reported male-to-male sexual contact; 22% were among people who reported heterosexual contact; and 7% were among people who inject drugs. — 美国按传播途径划分的艾滋病毒感染人数估计。

在报告有男性间性接触的男同性恋、双性恋和其他男性中，艾滋病毒感染情况

2022 年，报告有男男性接触的男同性恋、双性恋和其他男性占估计新增 HIV 感染病例 31,800 例的 67%（21,400 例），占所有男性估计感染病例的 83%。

An estimated 23,900 HIV infections occurred among gay and bisexual men in 2018, followed by 23,300 in 2019, 23,200 in 2020, 21,600 in 2021, and 21,400 in 2022, respectively. — 美国男同性恋和双性恋男性中估计的 HIV 感染人数。

在报告有异性性接触的人群中，HIV 感染者占多数

2022 年，报告有异性性接触的人群占估计新增 HIV 感染病例 31800 例的 22%（7000 例）。

报告有异性性接触的男性占估计新增 HIV 感染病例的 7%（2100 例）。
据估计，有异性性接触史的女性占新增 HIV 感染病例的 15%（4,900 例）。

An estimated 7,900 HIV infections occurred among people who reported heterosexual contact in 2018, followed by 7,500 in 2019, 6,900 in 2020, 7,200 in 2021, and 7,000 in 2022, respectively. — 美国报告有异性性接触的人群中估计的 HIV 感染人数。

注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒感染情况

2022 年，注射吸毒者占估计新增 HIV 感染病例 31800 例的 7%（2300 例）。

注射毒品的男性占估计新增 HIV 感染者的 4%（1300 例）。
注射毒品的女性占估计新增 HIV 感染病例的 3%（1000 例）。

An estimated 2,700 HIV infections occurred among people who inject drugs in 2018, followed by 2,700 in 2019, 2,600 in 2020, 2,600 in 2021, and 2,300 in 2022, respectively. — 美国注射毒品人群中估计的 HIV 感染人数。

按地区划分的艾滋病毒感染情况

2022年，南方国家占估计新增艾滋病毒感染病例31800例的近一半（49%）。

With respect to HIV infection in the US, nearly half (15,700, or 49%) of new HIV infections were in the South. Fourteen percent (4,400) were in the Northeast, fourteen percent (4,300) were in the Midwest; and twenty-three percent (7,400) were in the West. — 美国各地区艾滋病毒感染人数估计。

艾滋病毒诊断

HIV 诊断数量是指在特定年份内被诊断出感染 HIV 的人数。

There were 37,981 new HIV diagnoses in the US and dependent areas in 2022. Of those: 70% (26,749) were among gay, bisexual, and other men who reported male-to-male sexual contact; 22% (8,495) were among people who reported heterosexual contact; and 7% (2,651) were among people who inject drugs. The overall goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US campaign is to decrease the number of new HIV diagnoses to 9,588 by 2025 and 3,000 by 2030. — 美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的艾滋病毒感染诊断病例按传播途径分类。

Gay and bisexual men are the population most affected by HIV. Of HIV diagnoses in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states, the most-affected subpopulations in 2022 were: 9,374 Hispanic/Latino men reporting male-to-male sexual contact, 8,831 Black/African American men reporting male-to-male sexual contact, 5,737 white men reporting male-to-male sexual contact, 3,182 Black/African American Women reporting heterosexual contact, 1,519 Black/African American men reporting heterosexual contact, 1,261 Hispanic/Latina women reporting heterosexual contact, and 1,076 white women reporting heterosexual contact. — 美国及其 6 个属地和自由联系邦中受影响最严重的亚人群的 HIV 诊断情况。

跨性别者中的艾滋病毒诊断

2022 年，跨性别者占 37,981 例新增 HIV 感染病例的 2% (928 例)。

跨性别女性占新确诊 HIV 病例的 2%（869 例）。
跨性别男性占新确诊 HIV 病例的不到 1% (59)。

Among transgender people who received an HIV diagnosis in 2022, racial and ethnic disparities continue to exist. Of the 928 transgender people diagnosed with HIV in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states in 2022, 41% (377) were Black/African American, 39% (358) were Hispanic/Latino, 14% (130) were White, 4% (38) were multiracial, 2% (15) were Asian, 1% (6) were American Indian/Alaska Native, and less than 1% (4) were Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. — 按种族和民族划分的跨性别者艾滋病毒感染诊断情况。

With respect to HIV diagnoses among transgender people in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states, there was a 33% decrease in diagnoses among American Indian/Alaska Native people, followed by a 36% increase among Asian, a 13% increase among Black/African American, a 42% increase among Hispanic/Latino, a 100% increase among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, a 43% increase among White, and a 12% decrease among multiracial people. — 跨性别人群中艾滋病毒诊断趋势。

男同性恋和双性恋男性中的艾滋病毒诊断

男同性恋、双性恋以及其他报告有男男性行为的男性是受艾滋病毒影响最大的人群。2022年，在37981例新增艾滋病毒感染病例中，男同性恋和双性恋男性占67%（25482例），占所有男性感染病例的86%。

Among gay and bisexual men who received an HIV diagnosis in 2022, racial and ethnic disparities continue to exist. Among the 26,749 HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states in 2022, 36% (9,730) were Hispanic/Latino, 34% (9,095) were Black/African American, 24% (6,360) were White, 3% (733) were multiracial, 2% (638) were Asian, less than 1% (132) were American Indian/Alaska Native, and less than 1% (62) were Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people. — 按种族和民族划分的男同性恋和双性恋男性艾滋病毒感染诊断情况。

2018年至2022年间，男同性恋和双性恋男性群体中艾滋病毒感染诊断率总体保持稳定。但不同男同性恋和双性恋群体之间的趋势有所不同。

From 2018 to 2022, among gay and bisexual men in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states, HIV diagnoses increased by 11% among American Indian/Alaskan Native men, decreased by 5% among Asian men, were stable among Black/African American men, increased by 20% among Hispanic/Latino men, increased 32% among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander men, decreased 6% among White men, and decreased by 33% among multiracial men. — 按种族和民族划分的男同性恋和双性恋男性中 HIV 诊断趋势。

在报告有异性性接触的人群中，HIV 诊断率如何？

报告有异性性接触的男性和女性仍然会受到艾滋病毒的影响。2022年，在37981例新增艾滋病毒感染病例中，报告有异性性接触的人群占22%（8495例）。

报告有异性性接触的男性占新确诊 HIV 病例的 7%（2,660 例）。
报告有异性性接触的女性占新确诊 HIV 病例的 15%（5,835 例）。

Among people who reported heterosexual contact and received and HIV diagnosis in 2022, racial and ethnic disparities continue to exist. Of the 8,495 HIV diagnoses among people who reported heterosexual contact in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states, 55% (4,701) were Black/African American, 22% (1,891) were Hispanic/Latino, 17% (1,485) were White, 3% (235) were multiracial, 2% (135) were Asian, less than 1% (42) were American Indian/Alaska Native, and less than 1% (11) were Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. — 按种族和民族划分的异性性接触者中 HIV 诊断情况。

从 2018 年到 2022 年，通过异性性接触感染 HIV 的病例总体上保持稳定。

From 2018 to 2022, HIV diagnoses decreased among men by 8% and were stable among women. During that same period, with respect to HIV diagnoses, there was a 91% increase among American Indian/Alaska Native, a 10% decrease among Asian, a 10% decrease among Black/African American, an 11% increase among Hispanic/Latino, an 83% increase among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, a 12% increase among White, and a 30% decrease among multiracial people. — 报告有异性性接触人群中 HIV 诊断趋势。

注射吸毒者中的 HIV 诊断率

2022 年，注射吸毒者占 37981 例新增 HIV 感染病例的 7%（2651 例）。

注射毒品的男性占新确诊 HIV 病例的 4%（1490 例）。
注射毒品的女性占新确诊 HIV 病例的 3%（1161 例）。

White people accounted for the highest number of new HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs in 2022. That same year, of the 2,651 HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states, 47% (1,253) were among White, 27% (706) were among Black/African American, 20% (553) were among Hispanic/Latino, 3% (85) were among multiracial, 2%(41) were among American Indian/Alaska Native, 1% (24) were among Asian, and less than 1% (9) were among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people. — 按种族和族裔划分的注射吸毒人群中 HIV 诊断情况。

从 2018 年到 2022 年，注射吸毒者中的 HIV 诊断病例总体增加了 5%。

From 2018 to 2022, the HIV diagnoses among men who inject drugs increased by 7% but was stable among women. Over that same period, HIV diagnoses increased by 71% among American Indian/Alaskan Native people, increased by 41% among Asian people, decreased by 5% among Black/African American people, was stable among Hispanic/Latino people, increased by 350% among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people, rose by 13% among White people, and decreased by 25% among multiracial people. — 注射吸毒人群中艾滋病毒诊断趋势。

按地区划分的艾滋病毒诊断情况

美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的艾滋病毒感染诊断病例在区域分布并不均匀。

In 2022, rates of HIV diagnoses in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states by region was 15.4 in the South, 10.5 in the US territories and freely associated states, 10 in the West, 8.9 in the Northeast, and 7.1 in the Midwest. — 各地区艾滋病毒感染诊断率。

了解现状

感染状况认知是指已确诊感染艾滋病毒的艾滋病毒感染者所占的估计百分比。

In 2022, an estimated 1.2 million people in the US had HIV. For every 100 people with HIV 87 knew their HIV status. The overall Ending the HIV Epidemic goal is to increase the estimated percentage of people with HIV who have received an HIV diagnosis to at least 95% by 2025 and remain at 95% by 2030. — 了解美国境内的艾滋病毒感染状况。

In 2022, for every 100 people with HIV attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 84 knew their status; for every 100 people with HIV attributed to heterosexual contact, 87 knew their status; and for every 100 people with HIV attributed to injection drug use, 92 knew their status. — 美国按传播途径划分的艾滋病毒感染状况了解情况。

In 2022, for every 100 people with HIV in the Northeast, 92 knew their status; for every 100 people with HIV in the Midwest, 84 knew their status; for every 100 people with HIV in the South, 84 knew their status; and for every 100 people with HIV in the West, 85 knew their status. — 美国各地区艾滋病毒感染状况了解情况。

PrEP 覆盖范围

美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）已暂停发布暴露前预防（PrEP）覆盖率报告，以确定计算 PrEP 覆盖率的最佳方法，并使用更新的方法和数据来源更新 PrEP 覆盖率估算值。CDC 计划在下一份针对所有人口群体的艾滋病毒监测报告中恢复 PrEP 覆盖率报告，该报告目前计划于 2025 年 6 月发布。在更新后的 PrEP 覆盖率估算值发布之前，CDC 建议不要引用具体的 PrEP 覆盖率数据点，因为历史估算值将会更新。

继续阅读：利用艾滋病毒监测数据监测美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的部分国家艾滋病毒预防和护理目标，2022年

病毒抑制和护理障碍

病毒抑制是指已确诊 HIV 感染者中，每毫升血液中 HIV 病毒拷贝数少于 200 个的百分比。

More than half of people with diagnosed HIV are virally suppressed. For every 100 people overall with diagnosed HIV, 76 received some care, 54 were retained in care, and 65 were virally suppressed. The overall Ending the HIV Epidemic goal is to increase the percentage of people with diagnosed HIV who are virally suppressed to at least 95% by 2025 and remain at 95% by 2030. — 为已确诊艾滋病毒感染者提供艾滋病毒护理。

In 2022, transgender people with diagnosed HIV had similar rates of viral suppression to people overall with diagnosed HV. More work is needed to increase these rates. That year, for every 100 transgender people with diagnosed HIV, 83 received some HIV care, 61 were retained in care, and 67 were virally suppressed. — 为已确诊感染艾滋病毒的跨性别者提供艾滋病毒护理。

In 2022, for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 78 received some HIV care, 55 were retained in care, and 68 were virally suppressed; for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV attributed to heterosexual contact, 74 received some HIV care, 53 were retained in care, and 63 were virally suppressed; and for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV attributed to injection drug use, 66 received some HIV care, 48 were retained in care, and 55 were virally suppressed. — 按传播途径分类，对已确诊感染艾滋病毒的人群进行艾滋病毒护理。

In 2022, for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV in the Northeast, 73 received some HIV care, 54 were retained in care, and 65 were virally suppressed; for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV in the Midwest, 79 received some HIV care, 52 were retained in care, and 68 were virally suppressed; for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV in the South, 76 received some HIV care, 55 were retained in care, and 64 were virally suppressed; and for every 100 people with diagnosed HIV in the West, 75 received some HIV care, 52 were retained in care, and 67 were virally suppressed. — 按地区划分的已确诊艾滋病毒感染者的艾滋病毒护理情况。

People with diagnosed HIV are living longer, healthier lives because of effective HIV treatment. At the end of 2022, over half of people with diagnosed HIV were aged 50 and older. Of people aged 13 to 14, 526 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 15 to 19, 3,652 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 20 to 24, 23,909 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 25 to 29, 61,688 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 30 to 34, 104,866 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 35 to 39, 105,859 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 40 to 44, 106,793 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 45 to 49, 104,955 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 50 to 54, 134,381 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 55 to 59, 160,708 were diagnosed with HIV; of people aged 60 to 64, 137,329 were diagnosed with HIV; and of people aged 65 and older, 163,626 were diagnosed with HIV. — 按年龄划分的已确诊 HIV 感染者人数。

大多数艾滋病毒感染病例发生在人口超过50万的大都市区。南部地区的艾滋病毒感染者人数最多，但如果考虑到人口规模，东北地区的艾滋病毒感染率最高。

In 2022, the rates of people with diagnosed HIV in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states by region varied: The rate of HIV diagnosis in the South was 506.5, the rate in the Northeast was 236.3, the rate in the West was 218.7, the rate in the Midwest was 131.6, and the rate in the US territories and freely associated states was 16.3. — 按居住地区划分的艾滋病毒感染者确诊率。

尽管许多服用抗艾滋病药物的人病毒载量得到抑制，但仍有一些艾滋病病毒感染者目前病毒载量未得到抑制，或者无法长期维持病毒抑制状态。实现和维持病毒抑制面临的挑战包括：艾滋病污名化、身体健康问题、心理健康问题以及一些结构性问题，例如粮食不安全、失业、住房不稳定或无家可归。

People with HIV experienced HIV stigma. Among people with diagnosed HIV in the US in 2020, on a scale where 100 represents high HIV stigma and 0 represents no HIV stigma, all people with HIV experienced HIV stigma at a median score of 28. — 已确诊 HIV 感染者中 HIV 污名化评分中位数。

People who rate their overall health as good or better may experience better HIV-related outcomes, like adherence to treatment and viral suppression. In 2020, 72% of all people with HIV rated their overall health as good or better, compared to the 2025 NHAS goal of 95%. — 已确诊艾滋病毒感染者的自我健康评价。

Good mental health can make it easier for people with HIV to get and stay in HIV care. In 2020, 21% of all people with HIV reported needing, but not receiving mental health services in the past 12 months, compared to the 2025 NHAS goal of 12%. — 已确诊感染艾滋病毒且表示需要心理健康服务但未获得服务的人。

Food insecurity, unemployment, and unstable housing or homelessness can make it difficult for people with HIV to access HIV-related care and maintain viral suppression. In 2020, among people with diagnosed HIV in the US, 16% reported food insecurity (compared to the 2025 NHAS goal of 11%), 18% reported unemployment (compared to the 2025 NHAS goal of 11%), and 17% reported unstable housing or homelessness (compared to the NHAS goal of 8%). — 艾滋病毒感染者面临粮食不安全、失业和住房不稳定等问题。

艾滋病毒感染者与男同性恋和双性恋男性

资料来源打印分享

内容来源：

国家艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、性传播疾病和结核病预防中心；艾滋病预防司

资料来源

美国疾病控制与预防中心。2018-2022 年美国 HIV 发病率和患病率估计。HIV 监测补充报告，2024；29(1)。
美国疾病控制与预防中心。2022 年美国及其 6 个属地和自由联系邦的 HIV 诊断、死亡和流行情况。 《HIV 监测报告》 ，2024 年；35。
美国疾病控制与预防中心。已确诊 HIV 感染者的行为和临床特征——医疗监测项目，美国 2020 年周期（2020 年 6 月至 2021 年 5 月）。HIV 监测特别报告， 2022；29。
美国疾病控制与预防中心。注射吸毒者中的 HIV 感染风险、预防和检测行为——国家 HIV 行为监测：注射吸毒，美国 23 个城市，2018 年。HIV 监测特别报告， 2020 年；24。
美国疾病控制与预防中心。利用 HIV 监测数据监测选定的国家 HIV 预防和护理目标——美国和 6 个领土及自由联系邦，2022 年。HIV 监测补充报告， 2024；29(2)。
美国疾病控制与预防中心。《生活质量与艾滋病污名——国家艾滋病战略指标，2022-2025》，美国疾病控制与预防中心医疗监测项目，2017-2020 年周期。 艾滋病监测特别报告， 2022；30。

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