病毒性皮疹:症状、治疗和预防

 

This image displays typical pink-to-red elevations of the skin and nonscaling, slightly elevated lesions on a patient with a viral exanthem.
这张图片显示了病毒性皮疹患者皮肤上典型的粉红色至红色隆起和非鳞屑性、略微隆起的病变。
On a person with a viral exanthem, the pink-to-red, slightly elevated lesions on the skin can become widespread.
On a person with a viral exanthem, the pink-to-red, slightly elevated lesions on the skin can become widespread.
This image displays widespread flat and raised skin lesions that are red or pink in color typical of viral skin rashes.
This image displays widespread flat and raised skin lesions that are red or pink in color typical of viral skin rashes.
In viral exanthem the pink patch of affected skin should turn white when you push on it with a finger.
In viral exanthem the pink patch of affected skin should turn white when you push on it with a finger.
Viral exanthems can have a mix of small raised and flat lesions.
Viral exanthems can have a mix of small raised and flat lesions.
As displayed in this image, the pink-to-red elevations of the skin from viral exanthem are not scaly.
As displayed in this image, the pink-to-red elevations of the skin from viral exanthem are not scaly.
Viral exanthems usually are pink to light red and can be quite extensive, covering the trunk and other areas.
Viral exanthems usually are pink to light red and can be quite extensive, covering the trunk and other areas.

病毒性皮疹图片(7)

This image displays typical pink-to-red elevations of the skin and nonscaling, slightly elevated lesions on a patient with a viral exanthem.
On a person with a viral exanthem, the pink-to-red, slightly elevated lesions on the skin can become widespread.
This image displays widespread flat and raised skin lesions that are red or pink in color typical of viral skin rashes.
In viral exanthem the pink patch of affected skin should turn white when you push on it with a finger.
Viral exanthems can have a mix of small raised and flat lesions.
As displayed in this image, the pink-to-red elevations of the skin from viral exanthem are not scaly.
Viral exanthems usually are pink to light red and can be quite extensive, covering the trunk and other areas.

病毒性皮疹

病毒性皮疹,也称为非特异性病毒性皮疹,是由病毒感染引起的皮疹。许多病毒都能引起外观相似的皮疹,因此通常很难确定是哪种病毒引起的。您的年龄、病程、皮疹的外观以及其他症状(例如咳嗽、鼻塞或胃肠道症状)可能有助于判断是哪种病毒引起的。呼吸道病毒(例如流感病毒和普通感冒病毒)和胃肠道病毒是病毒性皮疹的常见病因。

哪些人面临风险?

病毒性皮疹在尚未对常见病毒感染产生免疫力的儿童和青少年中很常见,但任何年龄的人都可能受到影响。

体征和症状

全身出现大面积的粉红色至红色皮疹,主要分布于躯干、手臂和腿部,包括斑疹(小的、扁平的、光滑的皮肤区域)、丘疹(小的、实心的凸起)、斑块(大于指甲盖大小的扁平光滑区域)或斑片(大于指甲盖大小的凸起或凹凸不平的区域)。肤色较深者,皮疹可能不太明显,或呈紫色。少数情况下,可能出现水疱(小水泡)。皮疹可能瘙痒,也可能不痒。除了皮疹外,患者可能还会出现不适症状,例如发烧、疲劳、头痛、食欲不振、全身酸痛和烦躁。大多数病毒性皮疹持续数天至数周。

除了皮肤上出现大面积皮疹外,口腔内部、生殖器和眼睛也可能受到影响。

自我护理指南

症状轻微时无需治疗,皮疹和不适通常只会持续几天,然后就会自行消退。此外:

  • 对乙酰氨基酚(例如泰诺)可能有助于退烧和减轻疼痛。
  • 可以使用非处方1%氢化可的松乳膏或炉甘石洗剂来缓解瘙痒。
  • 多喝水,多卧床休息。

治疗

您的医生可能会进行血液检查或培养 ,以查找导致皮疹的更严重原因。

大多数病毒目前尚无特效药或治愈方法,因此如果您的皮疹是由病毒引起的,医生可能会开具一些药物来改善您的症状,例如使用外用类固醇来缓解瘙痒,同时等待病毒自行清除。如果怀疑是严重的细菌或其他感染,则可能会使用抗生素。

紧急就诊

如果您出现以下情况,请咨询您的医生:

  • 超过 101°F (38.33°C) 的高温持续超过一天。
  • 剧烈头痛、颈部僵硬、意识混乱、昏迷或癫痫发作。
  • 腹泻和/或呕吐以及剧烈腹痛。
  • 剧烈咳嗽或咳出脓液或血液。
  • 手掌或脚底出现斑点、肿胀和发红;起水疱;或关节肿胀疼痛。
  • 眼睛、嘴巴或舌头发红。
  • 皮疹呈鲜红色,用手指按压也不会褪色(变白)。
  • 疼痛的皮疹。

参考

Bolognia J、Schaffer JV、Cerroni L. 皮肤病学 。第四版。宾夕法尼亚州费城:爱思唯尔; 2018.

James WD、Elston D、Treat JR、Rosenbach MA。 《安德鲁氏皮肤病学》 。第 13 版。费城,宾夕法尼亚州:爱思唯尔出版社;2019 年。

Kang S、Amagai M、Bruckner AL 等。 《菲茨帕特里克皮肤病学》。 第 9 版。纽约州纽约市:麦格劳-希尔教育出版社;2019 年。

最后修改时间:2024年6月17日下午1:36


病毒性皮疹:症状、治疗和预防 — Viral Exanthem: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

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