Medical Tests → Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis
脑脊液分析
脑脊液分析过程中会发生什么？
为了获得脑脊液样本，医务人员会进行一项称为脊椎穿刺的程序，也称为腰椎穿刺。脊椎穿刺通常在医院进行。在手术过程中:
- 你会侧卧或坐在检查台上。
- 医务人员会清洁您的背部，并向您的皮肤注射麻醉剂，因此您在手术过程中不会感到疼痛。您的医务人员可能会在注射前在您的背部涂上麻醉霜。
- 当您背部的区域完全麻木时，您的医务人员会在您下脊柱的两块椎骨之间插入一根细空心针。椎骨是组成脊椎的小脊骨。
- 您的医务人员将抽取少量脑脊液进行检测。这将需要大约五分钟。
- 在抽取液体时，你需要保持不动。
- 您的医务人员可能会要求您在手术后仰卧一两个小时。这可以防止你以后头痛。
我需要做些什么来准备测试吗？
您不需要为脑脊液分析做任何特殊准备，但您可能会被要求在测试前排空膀胱(小便)和肠道(大便)。
测试有风险吗？
进行脊椎穿刺的风险很小。当针被插入时，你可能会感到一点挤压或压力。测试后，你可能会在背部扎针的地方感到疼痛或压痛。
你也可能有一些出血或头痛。头痛可能会持续数小时或长达一周或更长时间，但您的医务人员可能会建议您进行治疗以帮助缓解疼痛。
结果意味着什么？
脑脊液分析可能包括对您的样本进行各种不同的测试。因此，对测试结果的测量将取决于所做的测试。您的提供商可以解释您的结果意味着什么。
一般而言，您的CSF分析结果可能显示您患有感染、自身免疫性疾病(如多发性硬化(MS))或其他疾病或大脑或脊髓损伤。您的医务人员可能会安排更多的检查来确认您的诊断。
了解更多关于实验室检测、参考范围和理解结果.
关于脑脊液分析还有什么我需要知道的吗？
一些感染，如细菌引起的脑膜炎，是危及生命的急症。如果您的医务人员怀疑您患有细菌性脑膜炎或其他严重感染，您可能需要在最终诊断前开始用药。
References
- Allina Health [Internet]. Allina Health. Cerebrospinal fluid IgG measurement, quantitative; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://account.allinahealth.org/library/content/49/150438
- Allina Health [Internet]. Allina Health. CSF albumin/plasma albumin ratio measurement; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://account.allinahealth.org/library/content/49/150212
- Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth’s Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis; p.144.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine [Internet]. Johns Hopkins Medicine; c2022. Health Library: Lumbar Puncture; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/lumbar-puncture
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- Mayo Clinic: Mayo Medical Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2022. Test ID: SFIN: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) IgG Index; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/2762#Clinical-and-Interpretive
- Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Spinal Cord; [reviewed 2021 Mar; cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/biology-of-the-nervous-system/spinal-cord
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- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Guillain-Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet; [updated 2021 Nov 15; cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 9 screens]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/guillain-barre-syndrome-fact-sheet
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Meningitis and Encephalitis Fact Sheet; [updated 2021 Nov 15; cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 10 screens]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Meningitis-and-Encephalitis-Fact-Sheet
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Multiple Sclerosis: Hope Through Research; [updated 2021 Mar 25; cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 14 screens]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Multiple-Sclerosis-Hope-Through-Research#3215_3
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [Internet]. National Multiple Sclerosis Society; c1995–2022. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Multiple Sclerosis; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/how-ms-is-diagnosed/cerebrospinal-fluid
- Rammohan KW. Cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol [Internet]. 2009 Oct–Dec [cited 2022 Apr 19]; 12(4):246–253. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824952
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- University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2022. Health Encyclopedia: Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture) for Children; [cited 2022 Apr 19]; [about 8 screens]. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02625
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